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帶反向電壓保護的大按鈕電源開關，HP（PI2813）
Pololu Big Pushbutton Power Switch with 大按鈕電源開關帶反向電壓保護,HP（PI2813）
Big Pushbutton Power Switch with Reverse Voltage Protection, HP
The Pololu Pushbutton Power Switches are sophisticated power control alternatives to bulky mechanical switches. The main function is pushbutton-based latching power control, where one push turns on power and another push turns it off. Additional control inputs allow advanced applications such as automatic shutdown by the device being powered. This HP version operates from 4.5 V to 40 V and can deliver continuous currents up to around 16 A.
Pololu 按鈕電源開關是複雜的電源控制替代品，可替代笨重的機械開關。主要功能是基於按鈕的閉鎖電源控制，按下一次打開電源，再按下一次關閉電源。額外的控制輸入允許高級應用，例如由被供電的設備自動關閉。
此 HP 版本的工作電壓範圍為4.5V～40V，可提供高達16A左右的連續電流。
開關和控制輸入控制鎖存電路的狀態，鎖存電路又控制主電流流過的一對功率 MOSFET
提供四種版本的 按鈕開關：
- Mini Pushbutton Power Switch LV（PI2808）
- Mini Pushbutton Power Switch SV（PI2809）
- Big Pushbutton Power Switch MP（PI2812）
- Big Pushbutton Power Switch HP（PI2813）
Big 版本的引腳分配與 Mini 版本的引腳分配相同，為方便起見，增加了幾個額外的冗餘連接點，包括與 5 mm 接線端子兼容的主電源連接。／The pinout of the Big version is the same as the pinout of the Mini version with several additional redundant connection points for convenience, including main power connections that are compatible with 5 mm terminal blocks.
兩個迷你按鈕電源開關是體積更小、電流更低的版本，適用於尺寸限制嚴格或功率要求較低的應用。此外，Mini LV 是四種工作電壓低於 4.5 V 的唯一一種；由於它可以在低至 2.2 V 的電壓下運行，因此該版本可以與單節鋰電池一起使用。／The two Mini Pushbutton Power Switches are smaller, lower-current versions that are useful for applications with tight size constraints or lower power requirements. Also, the the Mini LV is the only one of the four that works below 4.5 V; since it can operate down to 2.2 V, this version can be used with a single lithium cell battery.
Overview
The Pololu Pushbutton Power Switch is a compact, solid-state power switch that features built-in reverse-voltage protection and is controlled by a momentary pushbutton: one push turns on power and another push turns it off. This is a patented design initially created for use in our own products as an alternative to bulky mechanical switches. Because the switched current does not flow through the mechanical switch, a large variety of small, low-power switches can be used to control a substantial amount of power. The use of momentary switches also allows multiple switches to be used in parallel to control the power to one load.
The board has a small pushbutton already installed and offers convenient points for connecting external pushbutton or tactile switches in parallel. It also offers several alternate pushbutton connection options that result in push-on-only or push-off-only operation, and additional inputs enable further power control options like allowing the load to turn off its own power, which can be beneficial when used with battery chemistries sensitive to over-discharging.
Warning: Do not use this switch as an emergency cutoff or similar safety disconnect in applications where failure to cut power could lead to injury or property damage.／警告：在未能切斷電源可能導致人身傷害或財產損失的應用中，請勿將此開關用作緊急切斷裝置或類似的安全斷開裝置。
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Block diagram of the Big Pushbutton Power Switch with Reverse Voltage Protection.
具有反向電壓保護功能的大按鈕電源開關框圖 |
The primary functional difference between the each of the units arises from the MOSFET used, which sets the operating range and performance of the units:／
【工作範圍和性能】：
（１）．At 12 V with ambient temperature of 22°C in still air.／在 12 V 環境溫度為 22°C 的靜止空氣中。
（２）．On state current is dominated by indicator LED; current is approximately proportional to input voltage.／通態電流以LED指示燈為主；電流與輸入電壓大致成正比。
Please note that this switch has several drawbacks when compared to mechanical switches, so please be sure you fully understand this product before using it in your system.／請注意，與機械開關相比，此開關有幾個缺點，因此在您的系統中使用該產品之前，請確保您完全了解該產品。
Compared to the previous versions of the Pololu pushbutton power switches, the new versions have substantially expanded operating voltage ranges along with reverse-voltage protection and more control options. The size and pinout has changed, so the new versions cannot be used as direct drop-in replacements for the old ones.／與之前版本的 Pololu 按鈕電源開關相比，新版本大大擴展了工作電壓範圍，並提供反向電壓保護和更多控制選項。尺寸和引出線已經改變，因此新版本不能用作舊版本的直接替代品。
【Benefits and limitations】好處和限制
The Pololu Pushbutton Power Switch works well in its intended application as a DC power switch for small robots, but because it is fundamentally different from a mechanical power switch, the benefits and drawbacks of the components must be fully considered.／Pololu 按鈕電源開關作為小型機器人的直流電源開關，在預期應用中效果很好，但由於它與機械電源開關有根本不同，因此必須充分考慮組件的優缺點。
〔Benefits over mechanical switches／優於〕：
- Compact size
- Reverse-voltage protection
- Allows multiple (parallel) switches for improved user interface
- Better turn-on characteristics than a bouncing mechanical switch
- Limited LC spikes for low-resistance loads
- Allows self-shutoff (OFF input)
- Allows external digital device to control the power state (ON and CTRL inputs)
- Breadboard and perfboard compatible (0.1″-pitch)
〔Drawbacks compared to mechanical switches／缺點】：
- Switch is one-directional (power applied to VOUT cannot be switched to VIN)
- Limited operating voltage range
- Switch can lose its state when power is disconnected (the switch typically defaults to being off when power is first applied, but it can default to being on near the upper end of the operating range)
- Switches DC only (does not maintain state through power disruptions or excessive noise)
- No complete isolation in off state
We also offer a MOSFET Slide Switch with Reverse Voltage Protection that avoids several of these drawbacks.
【Using the Pushbutton Power Switch／使用按鈕電源開關】
The simplest way to control the Pushbutton Power Switch is via its installed pushbutton: one push turns on power and another turns it off. Alternatively, a separate pushbutton, such as a remote panel-mounted unit, can be connected to the A and B pins and used instead. Multiple pushbuttons can be wired in parallel for multiple control points, and each of the parallel pushbuttons, including the one on the board itself, will be able to turn the switch on or off. The latching circuit performs some button debouncing, but pushbuttons with excessive bouncing (several ms) might not function well with this product.／
控制按鈕電源開關的最簡單方法是通過其安裝的按鈕：按一下打開電源，再按一下關閉電源。
或者，可以將一個單獨的按鈕（例如遠程面板安裝單元）連接到A和B引腳並使用。
可以為多個控制點並聯連接多個按鈕，每個並聯按鈕（包括電路板上的按鈕）都能夠打開或關閉開關。
鎖存電路執行一些按鈕去抖動，但彈跳過多（幾毫秒）的按鈕可能無法與該產品一起正常工作。
More advanced control options are available through the button connection pins and three control inputs／通過按鈕連接引腳和三個控制輸入可獲得更多高級控制選項：
The ON, OFF, and CTRL pins on the pushbutton power switch do not require a pulse to operate, but leaving any of them in a high state could interfere with the switch’s other control methods, so we generally recommend using pulsed signals with them.／按鈕電源開關上的 ON、OFF 和 CTRL 引腳不需要脈衝即可工作，但將其中任何一個保持在高電平狀態可能會干擾開關的其他控制方法，因此我們通常建議對它們使用脈衝信號。
The input structures for the three control inputs are shown below:／三個控制輸入的輸入結構如下所示：
Each power node can be accessed through a large hole along the top side of the board or two smaller 0.1″-spaced holes along the sides of the board. For applications drawing more than 5 A, you should either use the large holes or both 0.1″-spaced holes for each power connection.
【Included Hardware】
Two 8-pin straight breakaway male headers and two 2-pin 5mm terminal blocks are included with each switch, and you can choose which of these components, if any, to solder to the board. The terminal blocks work with the four large holes, and the header strips allow the switch to be used with solderless breadboards and perforated circuit boards with standard 0.1″ spacing. If you want to use the terminal blocks, we recommend you install them on the side of the board without components, as shown in the above breadboard picture. The terminal blocks will cover one of each of the smaller VIN and VOUT holes, so you should not solder header pins into those holes if you plan on using terminal blocks.
Note that the terminal blocks are only rated for 16 A, so for higher-power applications, thick wires should be soldered directly to the board.／請注意，接線端子的額定電流僅為 16A，因此對於更高功率的應用，應將粗線直接焊接到電路板上。
【Thermal and power dissipation considerations】散熱和功耗注意事項
Because MOSFETs in the on state are effectively resistive, the power heating the board is proportional to the square of the current flowing through it. The comparison table near the top of this page shows typical currents that heat the MOSFETs to 55°C, where the MOSFETs start being noticeably warm but are still generally safe to touch, and currents that heat the MOSFETs to 150°C, the absolute limit for the MOSFETs. With adequate cooling, or for brief periods if the MOSFETs are not hot to begin with, currents up to the listed maximums are attainable.
【Transient protection】瞬態保護
Interrupting large currents can cause voltage spikes (positive on the input side and negative on the output side) that depend on the inductance of the power connections and that can exceed the limits of the device. Appropriate measures to limit the size of these spikes include minimizing lengths of wires, placing capacitors at the power switch to smooth the spikes and absorb some of the energy, placing a schottky diode across the power output to absorb negative spikes, and placing a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) across the power input to absorb positive spikes.
【Characteristics at limits of operating range】工作範圍限制時的特性
The switch operating range is limited by the ability to change state reliably. At low voltages, the switch is difficult to turn on, and the switch will turn itself off once the voltage falls far enough (this can happen as high as 4.5 V). At high voltages, the switches are more likely to turn on when power is initially applied. The reliability of turning off is affected by a combination of the supply voltage, the amount of bouncing on the pushbutton switch, and the amount of noise on the supply line. For applications at the high end of the operating range, tests should be performed to ensure that the device can properly turn off.
